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Jovem Guarda: The Brazilian Rock Movement of the 60s

If you are a fan of rock and roll, pop, and psychedelic music, you might be interested in learning more about Jovem Guarda, a musical movement that emerged in Brazil in the mid-1960s. Jovem Guarda, which means "Young Guard" in Portuguese, was a phenomenon that influenced not only the music scene, but also the fashion, behavior, and vocabulary of the Brazilian youth at the time. In this article, we will explore what Jovem Guarda was, how it started, who were its main artists and songs, how it ended, and what impact it had on Brazilian culture.

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What was Jovem Guarda?

Jovem Guarda was a musical movement that was inspired by the American rock and roll of the late 1950s and the British Invasion bands of the 1960s, such as Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and others. The style was also known as "iê-iê-iê", a term that mimicked the frequent "yeah" cries heard in songs of the period. Jovem Guarda songs were characterized by their upbeat, energetic sound, and their light, romantic lyrics that appealed to teenagers. Jovem Guarda was also a television show that aired by Rede Record from 1965 to 1968, featuring performances by singers who were part of the movement. The show was hosted by Roberto Carlos, Erasmo Carlos, and Wanderléa, who were considered the leaders and icons of Jovem Guarda.

The origins of Jovem Guarda

Jovem Guarda emerged in a context of political and social turmoil in Brazil. In 1964, a military coup overthrew the democratically elected president João Goulart and established a dictatorship that lasted until 1985. The regime imposed censorship, repression, and violence on the population, especially on those who opposed it or expressed dissent. In this scenario, many young people felt alienated and disillusioned by the mainstream culture and politics. They sought new forms of expression and identity that reflected their aspirations and values.

One of these forms was rock and roll music, which had been introduced in Brazil in the late 1950s by artists such as Bill Haley, Elvis Presley, and Chuck Berry. Rock and roll represented a break from the traditional genres of Brazilian music, such as samba and bossa nova, which were seen as outdated or elitist by some young people. Rock and roll also offered a way to connect with the international youth culture that was emerging in the United States and Europe.

In 1963, the song "She Loves You" by The Beatles became a huge hit in Brazil. The chorus "Yeah Yeah Yeah" caught on among young people as a catchy slogan that expressed their enthusiasm and rebellion. The term "iê-iê-iê" was coined to describe this style of music that was influenced by rock and roll and pop. In 1965, TV Record decided to create a program called Jovem Guarda to showcase this new musical trend. The program was an instant success and attracted millions of viewers every Sunday.

The main artists and songs of Jovem Guarda

The most famous artists of Jovem Guarda were Roberto Carlos, Erasmo Carlos, and Wanderléa. They were known as "the king", "the tremendous", and "the ternurinha" (the little tender one), respectively. They had charismatic personalities and catchy songs that made them idols for millions of fans.

Roberto Carlos was the most popular singer of Jovem Guarda. He started his career as a rockabilly singer in the late 1950s, influenced by Elvis Presley and later by The Beatles. He had a smooth voice and a charming smile that made him a heartthrob. Some of his most famous songs were "Splish Splash", "O Calhambeque", "Quero Que Vá Tudo Pro Inferno", and "Detalhes". He also sang ballads and romantic songs that appealed to women. He sold over 120 million records in his career and is considered one of the most successful Latin American artists of all time. Erasmo Carlos was Roberto Carlos' best friend and musical partner. He was a songwriter, guitarist, and singer who had a rebellious and humorous style. He wrote many of the songs that Roberto Carlos performed, as well as his own hits, such as "Festa de Arromba", "Vem Quente Que Eu Estou Fervendo", "Sentado à Beira do Caminho", and "É Proibido Fumar". He was also known for his eccentric outfits and hairstyles, which included leather jackets, sunglasses, and long hair. Wanderléa was the female star of Jovem Guarda. She was a singer and actress who had a sweet voice and a cute image. She was nicknamed "the little tender one" because of her innocent and playful personality. She sang songs that expressed the feelings and desires of young girls, such as "Pare o Casamento", "Prova de Fogo", "Te Amo", and "Ternura". She also wore miniskirts, boots, and colorful dresses that became fashion trends among women. Other notable artists of Jovem Guarda were Ronnie Von, Eduardo Araújo, Jerry Adriani, Leno e Lilian, Os Incríveis, Renato e Seus Blue Caps, The Fevers, Golden Boys, and many others. They all contributed to the diversity and richness of the movement with their own styles and influences. The influence of Jovem Guarda on Brazilian culture

Jovem Guarda was more than just a musical movement. It was also a cultural phenomenon that affected the way young people thought, spoke, dressed, and behaved in Brazil in the 60s. Jovem Guarda represented a new generation that wanted to have fun, express themselves, and enjoy life. It also reflected the influence of foreign cultures, especially American and British, on Brazilian society.

Jovem Guarda created a new vocabulary that was adopted by young people. Some of the words and expressions that were popularized by Jovem Guarda were "broto" (babe), "carango" (car), "papo firme" (cool talk), "legal" (cool), "barra limpa" (no problem), "onda" (vibe), and many others. These words were often used in the lyrics of the songs or in the dialogues of the TV show.

Jovem Guarda also influenced the fashion of the time. The artists of Jovem Guarda wore clothes that were inspired by rock and roll stars or by the mod style of London. They wore leather jackets, jeans, boots, miniskirts, dresses, sunglasses, hats, scarves, and other accessories that were considered modern and daring. They also adopted hairstyles that were different from the traditional ones, such as long hair for men or bangs for women. The fans of Jovem Guarda copied their idols' looks and created their own trends.

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Jovem Guarda also influenced the behavior of young people. The movement encouraged them to be more independent, adventurous, and rebellious. They wanted to break free from the conservative norms and values of their parents' generation. They wanted to explore new horizons, travel, date, dance, party, and have fun. They also wanted to express their opinions and emotions through music, art, or activism. How did Jovem Guarda end?

Jovem Guarda was a movement that lasted for about four years, from 1965 to 1968. It ended due to a combination of factors that changed the musical and social landscape of Brazil and the world.

The political and social context of the late 60s

One of the factors that contributed to the end of Jovem Guarda was the worsening of the political and social situation in Brazil and abroad. In 1968, the military dictatorship issued the AI-5, a decree that suspended civil rights, banned political parties, closed the Congress, and increased censorship and repression. Many artists, intellectuals, students, and workers were arrested, tortured, exiled, or killed by the regime. The climate of fear and oppression made it difficult for Jovem Guarda to continue its light-hearted and optimistic tone.

At the same time, other events around the world also influenced the mood and the music of young people. The Vietnam War, the student protests in France, the civil rights movement in the United States, the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, and other movements challenged the status quo and demanded social change. These events inspired a new wave of music that was more political, critical, and experimental than Jovem Guarda.

The emergence of new musical trends

Another factor that led to the end of Jovem Guarda was the emergence of new musical trends that competed with or surpassed Jovem Guarda in popularity and relevance. Some of these trends were:

• Tropicália: A movement that mixed rock and roll, pop, psychedelic, and avant-garde music with elements of Brazilian folklore, culture, and history. It was led by artists such as Caetano Veloso, Gilberto Gil, Gal Costa, Os Mutantes, Tom Zé, and others. Tropicália was a radical and innovative movement that challenged the conventions and boundaries of music and art. It also had a political dimension that criticized the dictatorship and the cultural imperialism.

• MPB (Música Popular Brasileira): A genre that encompassed various styles of Brazilian music that were influenced by bossa nova, samba, folk, jazz, and other genres. It was characterized by its lyrical quality, musical sophistication, and social commentary. Some of its main representatives were Chico Buarque, Elis Regina, Milton Nascimento, Edu Lobo, Nara Leão, Geraldo Vandré, and others. MPB was a genre that appealed to a more mature and educated audience than Jovem Guarda.

• Jovem Guarda Internacional: A term that referred to the foreign artists that were popular among young people in Brazil in the late 60s. Some of these artists were The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, The Doors, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, Creedence Clearwater Revival, and others. They represented a new generation of rock and roll that was more complex, diverse, and innovative than Jovem Guarda.

These new musical trends offered alternatives to Jovem Guarda that were more appealing to different segments of young people. They also reflected the changes in taste, culture, and society that were happening in Brazil and in the world.

The legacy of Jovem Guarda for Brazilian music

Despite its short duration, Jovem Guarda left a lasting legacy for Brazilian music. It was a movement that introduced rock and roll to Brazil, and opened the doors for other genres and styles to develop. It also influenced many artists who came after it, such as Raul Seixas, Rita Lee, Lulu Santos, Titãs, Legião Urbana, and others.

Jovem Guarda also marked a generation of young people who grew up listening to its songs and watching its shows. It was a movement that gave them joy, fun, and identity in a difficult time. It was a movement that made them feel part of a global youth culture that shared their dreams and values.

Conclusion

Jovem Guarda was a musical movement that emerged in Brazil in the mid-1960s and lasted until 1968. It was inspired by American rock and roll and British Invasion bands and had a light, energetic, and romantic style. It was also a television show that featured performances by singers who were part of the movement and was hosted by Roberto Carlos, Erasmo Carlos, and Wanderléa.

Jovem Guarda influenced not only the music scene but also the fashion, behavior, and vocabulary of the Brazilian youth at the time. It represented a new generation that wanted to have fun, express themselves, and enjoy life. It also reflected the influence of foreign cultures, especially American and British, on Brazilian society.

Jovem Guarda ended due to a combination of factors that changed the musical and social landscape of Brazil and the world. The military dictatorship increased its censorship and repression, making it difficult for Jovem Guarda to continue its light-hearted and optimistic tone. Other events around the world inspired a new wave of music that was more political, critical, and experimental than Jovem Guarda. New musical trends emerged that competed with or surpassed Jovem Guarda in popularity and relevance.

However, Jovem Guarda left a lasting legacy for Brazilian music. It introduced rock and roll to Brazil, and opened the doors for other genres and styles to develop. It also influenced many artists who came after it, as well as a generation of young people who grew up listening to its songs and watching its shows. Jovem Guarda was a movement that gave joy, fun, and identity to millions of fans.

FAQs

Here are some frequently asked questions about Jovem Guarda:

What does Jovem Guarda mean?

• Jovem Guarda means "Young Guard" in Portuguese. It was a term that was used to describe the young people who were part of the musical movement that emerged in Brazil in the mid-1960s.

Who were the leaders and icons of Jovem Guarda?

• The leaders and icons of Jovem Guarda were Roberto Carlos, Erasmo Carlos, and Wanderléa. They were the hosts of the television show Jovem Guarda, and the most popular singers of the movement.

What was the style of Jovem Guarda?

• Jovem Guarda was a style of music that was inspired by American rock and roll and British Invasion bands. It had a upbeat, energetic, and romantic sound, and light, catchy lyrics that appealed to teenagers.

When did Jovem Guarda start and end?

• Jovem Guarda started in 1965, when the television show Jovem Guarda was launched by TV Record. It ended in 1968, when the show was canceled and the musical movement declined.

What impact did Jovem Guarda have on Brazilian culture?

• Jovem Guarda influenced not only the music scene, but also the fashion, behavior, and vocabulary of the Brazilian youth at the time. It represented a new generation that wanted to have fun, express themselves, and enjoy life. It also reflected the influence of foreign cultures on Brazilian society.

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